It was developed by observation as the early languages were developed without anything other than the innate sense of grammar by which we learn human language when we are young. As the rules became established and developed the concept of grammatical correctness arose.
This can often create a gulf between contemporary usage and the form accepted as correct.
Artificial languages are more common in the modern day, whether they have been designed to aid human communication (Esperanto), created as part of a work of Fiction, (Klingon Language) or used for the purpose of computer programming (Java). Each of these artifical languages have their own grammar.
There are a number of types of grammar that linguists recognise.
[Descriptive Grammar]? is the method of describing the rules used by a language so people can check whether specific rules have been broken or not.
[Generative Grammar]? is a way of describing a language so that if the rules are followed, then grammatically correct forms of that language can be constructed.
see also: Syntax, Chomsky hierarchy
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