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Prior to the 16th century, the bulk of slaves exported from Africa were shipped from East Africa to the Islamic world. Zanzibar became a leading port based on this trade exporting at its 18th-century peak an estimated 10-20,000 slaves every year. Arab slave raiders differed from European traders in that they would capture slaves themselves, often penetrating deep into the continent; they also tended to capture more women then men, again unlike the Europeans. |
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Prior to the 16th century, the bulk of slaves exported from Africa were shipped from East Africa to the Islamic world. Zanzibar became a leading port based on this trade, exporting at its mid-19th century peak an estimated 10-20,000 slaves every year. Arab slave raiders differed from European traders in that they would capture slaves themselves, often penetrating deep into the continent; they also tended to capture more women then men, again unlike the Europeans. |
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The African slave trade peaked in the late 18th century, when the largest number of slaves were captured in West Africa and shipped to the colonies of the New World. It is estimated that over the centuries, at least 11 million people were shipped as slaves to the Americas, of whom some 15 per cent died during the terrible voyage (though shipboard mortality appears mercifully to have declined somewhat over the period). Estimates of the number removed to Muslim lands range from around three to fourteen million. |
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The African slave trade peaked in the late 18th century, when the largest number of slaves were captured in West Africa and shipped to the colonies of the New World. It is estimated that over the centuries, at least eleven million people were shipped as slaves to the Americas, of whom some 15 per cent died during the terrible voyage (though shipboard mortality appears mercifully to have declined somewhat over the period). Estimates of the number removed to Muslim lands range from around three to fourteen million. |
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The demographic impact of the slave trade on Africa is an important question around which consensus remains difficult. Some historians believe that the total loss - persons removed, those who died on the arduous march to coastal slave marts and those killed in slave raids - far exceeded the 50-60 million inhabitants remaining in Sub-Saharan Africa at the trade's end. Others believe that slavers had a vested interest in capturing trather than killing, and in keeping their captives alive; and that this coupled with the disproportionate removal of males and the introduction of new crops from the Americas (cassava, maize) would have limited general population decline to particular regions at particular times - western Africa around 1760-1810 and Mozambique and neighbouring areas half a century later. |
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The demographic impact of the slave trade on Africa is an important question around which consensus remains difficult. Some historians conclude that the total loss - persons removed, those who died on the arduous march to coastal slave marts and those killed in slave raids - far exceeded the 65-75 million inhabitants remaining in Sub-Saharan Africa at the trade's end. Others believe that slavers had a vested interest in capturing trather than killing, and in keeping their captives alive; and that this coupled with the disproportionate removal of males and the introduction of new crops from the Americas (cassava, maize) would have limited general population decline to particular regions at particular times - western Africa around 1760-1810 and Mozambique and neighbouring areas half a century later. |
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