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Muhammad was born presumably between 570-580 A.D. Both of his parents died at very early ages and he was raised by his uncle Abu Talib. He married a wealthy widow, Khadija, and followed his career as a trader. Between the ages of 30 and 40, he experienced his initial prophetic call, when he was alone in the hills above Mecca? for meditation. He reported that he had been chosen, like the prophets before him, as the agency of a sacred message. Being ignored and rejected at the beginning, he began to gain followers mainly from lower classes. The first wealthy men accepting his prophethood were Abu Bakr and Umar. He was severely opposed by the residents of Mecca for attacking the pagan gods of Arabic peninsula. As his opponents in Mecca (one of his uncles, Abu Lahab, was among his worst enemies) began to organize to give an end to his prophecy, he withdrew with many of his followers to Medina? in September of A.D. 622. This migration is called the Hegira (or Hijra), and its year is used to establish the Muslim year-count scheme or era; 622 is the year 1 A.H. (Annus Hegirae). The A.H. system dates from the beginning of the lunar year in which the Hegira took place, so that it does not neatly coincide with the Julian or Gregorian year numbers. After three major battles and one last battle with Mecca, almost all Arabia fell to Muhammad in 630 and great number of tribes established alliance with the Prophet. |
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Muhammad was born presumably between 570-580 A.D. Both of his parents died at very early ages and he was raised by his uncle Abu Talib. He married a wealthy widow, Khadija, and followed his career as a trader. Between the ages of 30 and 40, he experienced his initial prophetic call, when he was alone in the hills above Mecca? for meditation. He reported that he had been chosen, like the prophets before him, as the agency of a sacred message. Being ignored and rejected at the beginning, he began to gain followers mainly from lower classes. The first wealthy men accepting his prophethood were Abu Bakr and Umar. He was severely opposed by the residents of Mecca for attacking the pagan gods of Arabic peninsula. As his opponents in Mecca (one of his uncles, Abu Lahab, was among his worst enemies) began to organize to give an end to his prophecy, he withdrew with many of his followers to Medina? in September of A.D. 622. This migration is called the Hegira (or Hijra), and its year is used to establish the Muslim year-count scheme or era; 622 is the year 1 A.H. (Annus Hegirae). The A.H. system dates from the beginning of the lunar year in which the Hegira took place, so that it does not neatly coincide with the Julian or Gregorian year numbers. After three major battles and one last battle with Mecca, almost all Arabia fell to Muhammad in 630 and great number of tribes established alliance with the Prophet. |
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