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*Colors: "Landesfarben" are white /red with a black upright Berlin Baer. |
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*Colors: "Landesfarben" are white /red with a black upright Berlin Bear. |
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Berlin is located at the river Spree? It is situated in the Bundesland Brandenburg,formerly was a part of Mark Brandenburg , since 1920 a seperate state |
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Berlin is located at the river Spree?. It is situated in, but not part of, the Bundesland Brandenburg. Formerly it was a part of Mark Brandenburg , since 1920 it is a seperate state |
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*Tiergarten: Berlin's biggest park , Tegel and Grunewald Forrests. |
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*Tiergarten (Berlin's biggest park) Tegel and Grunewald Forrests. |
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*[Museums Insel]?,island |
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*[Museums Insel]? (museum island) |
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Since ancient times the area of Berlin had little fishing and farm villages. Around 1200 two town settlements were founded on the banks of the river Spree?, Cölln? and Berlin. It's not known when exactly they received city rights; the first mention for Berlin is 1237 ,1251? and for Cölln 1261?. In 1307 the two trading cities decided to unite on political and security matters. Around 1400? Berlin and Cölln had 8,000 inhabitants. |
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Since ancient times the area of Berlin had little fishing and farm villages. Around 1200 two town settlements were founded on the banks of the river Spree?, Cölln? and Berlin. It's not known when exactly they received city rights; the first mention of those rights for Berlin is 1251? and for Cölln 1261?. In 1307 the two trading cities decided to unite on political and security matters. Around 1400? Berlin and Cölln had 8,000 inhabitants. |
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In 1417? Friedrich I of Brandenburg became Elector of Brandenburg. Until 1918 members of the Hohenzollern-family would reign Berlin successively as Margrave of Brandenburg, Duke of Pomerania, Duke of Prussia, Duke of Brandenburg-Prussia and of many other areas, King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany. The Berlin people were not enthusiast about this change. In 1447? they revolted unsuccessfully against the monarch, losing a lot of their political and economical liberties. |
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In 1417? Friedrich I of Brandenburg became Elector of Brandenburg. Until 1918 members of the Hohenzollern-family would reign Berlin successively as Margrave of Brandenburg, King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany. The Berlin people were not enthusiast about this change. In 1447? they revolted unsuccessfully against the monarch, losing a lot of their political and economical liberties. |
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In 1540 Joachim II introduced the Reformation? in Brandenburg and confiscated church possessions,the secularization?. With it he could pay for his big projects, like the building of an avenue, the Kurfuersten Damm, between his hunting castle Grunewald and his palace,[Stadtschloss Berlin]?. |
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In 1540 Joachim II introduced the Reformation? in Brandenburg and confiscated church possessions,the secularization?. With it he could pay for his big projects, like the building of an avenue, the Kurfuersten Damm, between his hunting castle Grunewald and his palace, [Stadtschloss Berlin]?. |
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The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) brought harsh consequences for Berlin: a third of the houses had been damaged, the population halved. Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg (1640-1688), the Great Elector, started a policy of immigration and religious tolerance. In 1671 50 Jewish families from Austria were offered a home. With the [Edict of Potsdam]? (1685) he invited the French Calvinist Huguenots? to Brandenburg. Around 15,000 French arrived, 6,000 of them in Berlin. Around 1700, 20 percent of the Berlin inhabitants were French and their cultural influence was important. Friedrich Wilhelm also built a standing army. Many people from Bohemia ,Poland , Salzburg also took refuge. |
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The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) brought harsh consequences for Berlin: a third of the houses had been damaged, the population halved. Friedrich Wilhelm I of Brandenburg (1640-1688), the Great Elector, started a policy of immigration and religious tolerance. In 1671 50 Jewish families from Austria were offered a home. With the [Edict of Potsdam]? (1685) he invited the French Calvinist Huguenots? to Brandenburg. Around 15,000 French arrived, 6,000 of them in Berlin. Around 1700, 20 percent of the Berlin inhabitants were French and their cultural influence was important. Many people from Bohemia, Poland, Salzburg also took refuge. Friedrich Wilhelm also built a standing army. |
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But not all was well. Even before the 1929 crash, 450 thousand people were unemployed. In the same year Hitler's Nazi Party won for the first time seats in the city parliament. July 20, 1932 the Prussian government under [Otto Braun]? in Berlin, was by military coup taken over. The republic was nearing it's breakdown, under the influence of extreme forces from the right and the left.Four years later January 30, 1933 Hitler became the chancellor, after doing away with the Social Democrats. |
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But not all was well. Even before the 1929 crash, 450 thousand people were unemployed. In the same year Hitler's Nazi Party won for the first time seats in the city parliament. July 20, 1932 the Prussian government under [Otto Braun]? in Berlin, was by military coup taken over. The republic was nearing it's breakdown, under the influence of extreme forces from the right and the left. Four years later January 30, 1933 Hitler became the chancellor, after doing away with the Social Democrats. |
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Around 1939 still 75 thousand Jews were living in Berlin. 50 thousand of them were deported to the concentration camps, where most were murdered. Over 1200 Jews in Berlin survived by being hidden. |
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Around 1939 still 75 thousand Jews were living in Berlin. 50 thousand of them were deported to the concentration camps, where most were murdered. Over 1200 Jews survived in Berlin by being hidden. |
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