After the Second World War, it was re-assigned under administration of Poland. Its German name is "Schlesien".
Origins
There are many theories as to how Silisia derived its name. These theories tend to fall along the lines of national interest. The "Silesia is part of Germany" argument claims that the name is derived from the Silingii, a Germanic tribe like the Vandals and the (Celtic) Germanic Lugier or Lygier who all lived south of the Baltic Sea in the Elbe?, Oder, and Vistula river area. The "Silesia is Poland" argument is based on etymology and the fact that most of the place-names in the area are definitely of Slavic origin.
A third theory claims that the area was indeed "originally" (as far as they are the first people purported to have lived in the area) inhabited by the Silinger, a Germanic people. When some Silingii and Vandali moved from the area during the Migration Period, or Völkerwanderung, others of their society stayed behind. The most evident remnants were in the place-names, which were adopted (in Slavic form) by new inhabitants, the Slavs. These people in Silesia were known as Polaken .
Its German name is "Schlesien", earlier German writing was Slesia or Slezia( before existence of modern German language “sch” and ss or tz=cz). Silesia as well as other Latin names were used throughout the Holy Roman Empire for all official business. When it was recorded or mapped as "Silesia" , it referred to the Holy Roman empire state of Silesia and included all people living there .
Parenthetically, it should be noted that there is considerable debate among archaeologists and historians as to whether there is such a thing as a Celtic-Germanic people. Exhibits such as the one in Rosenheim (Bayern) certainly demonstrate that the Celts had an influence on the area; however, the movement of the Celts westward through Europe was such that there is little if any overlap between them and the Germanic tribes.
Moreover, the question of Germanic tribes and their relationship to place names is entirely chicken/egg. Traditional German historiography, most notably the works of Ranke?, tend to argue a thing's inherent "Germanness" on the grounds that clearly work in a 19th century nationalist context, but hardly work for today's historians. To argue that the people living in Silesia before various Slavic peoples moved into the area were the same ethnic group as those living in Silesia in 1945 is insupportable.
We need a better transition here -- perhaps some of the good info provided by H. Jonat and now residing on the Talk page could be re-worked?
History -- Middle Ages
History - Early Modern Period
Silesia in the Modern World
In 1945 all of Silesia has become a part of the Republic of Poland state. The majority of ethnic German population hurriedly fled together with the Nazi military, Gestapo and administration in face of advancing Soviet and Polish Armies.
People of mixed origin and some ethnic Germans chose to stay behind. They were exposed to mild discrimination by the communist authorities in the years after the World War II. It is not suprising, regarding the horrific atrocities that then were ascribed to Germans at large.
After the fall of the communist regime in Poland the German minority enjoys all freedoms of democratic socities, they even have their representation in the Polish Parliament. During the years 1946-1989 thousands of people claiming German ancestors applied for transfer to their homeland that then was the Federal Republic of Germany. In part it was reunion of parted families but in most cases it was for economic reasons. West Germany welcomed warmly their compatriots because of the negative demographic growth. Some Germans stayed in their homeland, mainly in Opolskie voivoidship.
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