Hadith

Stories or sayings of Muhammad and his companions, passed down by word of mouth and then collected in several different works. Hadith are classified as authentic, spurious, and as having several degrees of certainty/uncertainty in between these extremes. The classification is based on the reliability of those who passed down the hadith; the hadith collections record for each hadith the chain (or chains) by which it has been handed down.

Different branches of Islam (Sunni, Shi'a), and different schools within these branches accept different hadith as genuine.

The hadith serves for Muslims as a scripture secondary to Quran, though unlike the Quran it is believed to be a work of humans as opposed to a direct revelation from God, and as such it is less important. The hadith essentially is the authoritative exposition of the Quran in practice. The laws of the hadith are derived from the acts, statements, opinions, and ways of life of Muhammad. The Hadith is an evolving body of law handed down from the companions (\ahaba) of Muhammad to the present; Muslims believe that the transmission of the Hadith is entirely accurate and without flaw. The Hadith was handed down orally until the mid 700s, at which point collections of Daith were written and later edited. Two different forms of editorial redaction occured:

• musnad - classification according to the names of the traditionists
• mu'annaf - classification according to subject; edited according to the content.

As the oral law is to Torah in Judaism, the Hadith is to the laws of the Quran in Islam. The Hadith is the authoritative interpretation of the Quran, even where the current practice is at odds with the plain meaning of the text. Islamic law has some flexibility as some traditions of the Prophet were considered nullified by later sayings of him,

Over time, due to different social, religious and political considerations, many hadith collections developed. A consensus of Islamic clerics weighed various collections, and judged them to be in one of the following categories: "genuine" ('ahih, the best category), "fair" (hasan, the middle category), and "weak" (da'if).

By the ninth century six collections of hadiths were accepted as reliable by Muslims: al-Bukhari (d. 870), Muslim (d. 875), Abu Da'ud (d. 888), al-Tirmidhi (d. 892), al-Nasa'i (d. 915), and Ibn Maja (d. 886). More compilations have developed over time, but these six hold the greatest weight.