An ancient city of
Cyprus, on the S. coast, about 24
m. W. of Larnaka
? and 6 m. E. of Limassol
?, among sandy
hills and sand-dunes, which perhaps explain its name in
Greek (amathos, sand). The earliest remains hitherto
found on the site are tombs of the early
Iron Age period
of Graeco-Phoenician influences (1000-600 B.C.). Amathus
is identified by some (E. Oberhummer, Die Insel Cypern,
i., 1902, pp. 13-14; but see CITIUM) with Kartihadasti
(Phoenician "New-Town") in the Cypriote tribute-list of
Esarhaddon
? of
Assyria (668 B.C.). It certainly maintained
strong Phoenician sympathies, for it was its refusal to
join the phil-Hellene league of Onesilas of Salamis which
provoked the revolt of Cyprus from
Persia in 500-494 B.C.
(Herod. v. 105), when Amathus was besieged unsuccessfully
and avenged itself by the capture and execution of
Onesilas. The phil-Hellene [Evagoras of Salamis]
? was similarly
opposed by Amathus about 385-380 B.C. in conjunction
with Citium and Soli (Diod. Sic. xiv. 98); and even after
Alexander
? the city resisted annexation, and was bound over
to give hostages to Seleucus (Diod. Sic. xix. 62). Its
political importance now ended, but its temple of Adonis
? and
Aphrodite (Venus Amathusia) remained famous in Roman time.
The wealth of Amathus was derived partly from its corn
(Strabo 340, quoting Hipponax, fi. 540 B.C.), partly
from its copper mines (Ovid, Met. x. 220, 531), of
which traces can be seen inland (G. Mariti, i. 187; L.
Ross, Inselreise, iv. 195; W. H. Engel, Kypros, i. 111
ff.). Ovid also mentions its sheep (Met. x. 227); the
epithet Amathusia in Roman poetry often means little more
than "Cypriote," attesting however the fame of the city.
Amathus still flourished and produced a distinguished patriarch
of Alexandria (Johannes Eleemon), as late as 606-616, and a
ruined Byzantine? church marks the site; but it was already almost deserted when [Richard Coeur de Lion]? won Cyprus by a victory there over Isaac Comnenus in 1191. The rich necropolis?, already partly plundered then, has yielded
valuable works of art to New York (L. P. di Cesnola, Cyprus,
1878 passim) and to the British Museum (Excavations in
Cyprus, 1894 (1899) passim); but the city has vanished,
except fragments of wall and of a great stone cistern on the
acropolis. A similar vessel was transported to the Louvre in
1867. Two small sanctuaries, with terra-cotta votive
offerings of Graeco-Phoenician age, lie not far off, but the
great shrine of Adonis and Aphrodite has not been identified
(M. Ohnefalsch-Richter, Kypros, i. ch.1). (J. L. M.)
Initial text from 1911 encyclopedia -- Please update as needed