Protein biosynthesis is the process in which
cells can build
protein after the blueprint
? stored in their
DNA. There are two steps in that process. They are :
In
transcription, the double-stranded DNA is copied into single-stranded
RNA by the
enzyme [RNA polymerase]
?. In eukaryotes, the RNA is likely to be modified after transcription by
splicing. Finally, the RNA is inserted into
ribosomes.
The ribosomes
translate the RNA into protein, using the
genetic code to build a chain of
amino acids, linked by
peptide bonds. The individual amino acids are delivered by
tRNAs that match the current
codon (
nucleotide triplet) of the RNA. The nascending
polypeptide chain folds
?, either by itself or with the assistance of [chaperone proteins]
?, into its (final)
tertiary structure.
- See also: genetics -- biochemistry
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