Common functional groups include:
Term Formula prefix suffix__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
amine R-NH2 amino- -amine
carboxylic acid R-C(=O)OH hydrocarboxy- -oic acid
alcohol R-OH hydroxy- -ol
aldehyde? R-C(=O)H -al
ketone R-C(=O)-R' keto- -one
ester R-C(=O)O-R' named according to the parent alcohol and acid, respectively: alkyl alkanoate
ether R-O-R' named according to the parent alcohols, respectively: alkylalkylether
amide R-C(=O)N(-H)-R' name according to the parent amine and acid, respectively: alkyl alkanamide
alkene R-CH=CH-R' convert the part substituting for alk in the name of the alkane into the alk of the word alkene: ethane/ethene, propane/propene, butane/butene, etc.
alkyne R-CC-R' convert the part substituting for alk in the name of the alkane into the alk of the word alkyne: ethane/ethyne, propane/propyne, butane/butyne, etc.
phosphodiester? R-OP(=O)2O-R'
phenyl? R-C6H6
pyridyl R-C5H5N
methyl R-C3 methyl- (similarly for higher alkyl substituents: ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc.)
Combining the names of functional groups with the names of the parent alkanes generates a powerful systematic nomenclature? for naming organic compounds.
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