Despite the derivation of the name, the ancient Boii should neither be confused with the inhabitants of what it now the modern state of Bavaria in Germany, nor those of Bohemia, in what is now the Czech Republic. By the ninth century, the Boii had become a distinct people from the Bavarians, whose rulers and leading families were in fact Franks. An argument can be made for an early intermixing with Etruscans? from Italy; however, the same argument can also be made for the Celtic tribes in any area they inhabited.