Functional MRI (fMRI) is a technique which combines the spatially-addressable nature of MRI with the spectroscopically-rich information obtainable from NMR. That is to say, MRI allows one to study a particular region within an organism or sample, but gives relatively little information about the chemical or physical nature of that region--it's chief value is in being able to distinguish the properties of that region relative to those of other, surrounding regions. Functional MRI, however, provides a similar wealth of chemical information about that region as would an NMR spectrum of that region.
See also nuclear magnetic resonance
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