Wikipedia: History of History of the graphical user interface

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Engelbart's work directly led to the advances at Xerox PARC. Several people went from his project to Xerox PARC in the early 1970's, most importantly [Bill English]?, Engelbart's senior engineer. The Xerox PARC team codified the WIMP (windows, icons, menus and pointers) paradigm, which appeared commercially in the Xerox 8010 ('Star') system in 1981.

Engelbart's work directly led to the advances at Xerox PARC. Several people went from his project to Xerox PARC in the early 1970's, most importantly [Bill English]?, Engelbart's senior engineer. The Xerox PARC team codified the WIMP (windows, icons, menus and pointers/pull-down menus) paradigm, which appeared commercially in the Xerox 8010 ('Star') system in 1981.

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Some more informationa about Apple's visit to PARC and the myths surrounding it can be found on the Apple Computer wikipedia page.

VisiOn?

Graphical user interface primarily designed for spreadsheets by the company that wrote the legendary VisiCalc spreadsheet. First introduced the "windows" concept and a mouse to the PC environment. Preceded the first Microsoft Windows implementations (1983). VisiOn? never took off because it could not be used to run other MS-DOS applications and was buggy and expensive. Inspired the multitasking system DESQview.

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At the same time Microsoft was developing Windows in the 1980s, [Digital Research]? developed
the [GEM Desktop]? GUI system. GEM was created as an alternative window system to run on
IBM PC systems, either on top of MS-DOS (like Microsoft Windows) or on top of CPM-86, DR's
own operating system that MS-DOS was patterened after. GEM achieved minimal success in the
PC world, but was later used as the native GUI on the Atari ST machines.

At the same time Microsoft was developing Windows in the 1980s, [Digital Research]? developed the [GEM Desktop]? GUI system. GEM was created as an alternative window system to run on IBM PC systems, either on top of MS-DOS (like Microsoft Windows) or on top of CPM-86, DR's own operating system that MS-DOS was patterened after. GEM achieved minimal success in the PC world, but was later used as the native GUI on the Atari ST machines.

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BEOS

Originally developed as a replacement GUI for the apple Macintosh, later ported to the IBM-PC. Used a modified BSD unix kernal , but did not use X-windows but a wriiten from scratch GUI. Much effort was spent by the developers to make it an efficient platform for multimedia applications.

BeOS

Originally developed as a replacement GUI for the apple Macintosh, later ported to the IBM-PC. Used a modified BSD unix kernal , but did not use X-windows but a written from scratch GUI. Much effort was spent by the developers to make it an efficient platform for multimedia applications.

RISC OS

Operating system with a GUI for the first ARM based computers from the company that designed the BBC computer. The first RISC ARM CPU was designed for these computers, but ARM CPU's later became very popular because they where very powerfull, had very low power consumptions and a very elegant architecture.

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