Wikipedia: History of Emancipation Proclamation

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The Emancipation Proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863, during the second year of the American Civil War and was Abraham Lincoln's declaration that all slaves in the states which had seceeded from the Union were considered free (the enforcement of which of course required a Union victory). Slaves in the states which remained loyal to the Union were not affected, and remained in slavery until the ratification of the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution in 1865. Lincoln had no constitutional authority to free the slaves except in those states where it was deemed a military necessity in order to suppress the rebellion. The Emancipation Proclamation also allowed for the admittance of freed slaves into the (then segregated) United States military, an unusual opportunity taken by nearly 200,000 black men, many of them former slaves.

The Emancipation Proclamation was issued on January 1, 1863, during the second year of the American Civil War and was Abraham Lincoln's declaration that all slaves in the states which had seceded from the Union were considered free (the enforcement of which would require a Union victory). Slaves in the states which remained loyal to the Union were not affected, and remained in slavery until the ratification of the thirteenth amendment to the Constitution in 1865. Lincoln had no constitutional authority to free the slaves except in those states where it was deemed a military necessity in order to suppress the rebellion. The Emancipation Proclamation also allowed for the admittance of freed slaves into the (then-segregated) United States military, an unusual opportunity taken by nearly 200,000 black men, many of them former slaves.

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