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Cattle are domesticated? ungulates that are raised for beef? and dairy products (milk). Male cattle are called steer?s or bull?s, and female cattle are called cows. The young member is called calf. |
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Cattle are domesticated? ungulates that are raised for beef? and dairy products (milk). Male cattle are called steer?s(if neutered) or bull?s, and female cattle are called cows. The young member is called calf. |
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Canchim |
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Canchim |
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CANCHIM The Canchim breed is the result of scientific work, which aimed at obtaining economically, the best quality beef under Central Brazilian conditions, research continues even today, making the Canchim breed the most studied in Brasil. The Canchim bull, serving pasture bred zebu cows, produce early fast growing products, thereby attaining the end to which it was developed, being outstanding compared to other breeds, under the same conditions. When compared with zebu bulls, Canchim bulls produce the same number of calves, however heavier and of superior quality. Compared to European breeds, the Canchim bull produces calves with the same weight but in larger quantity. The early fast growing products, the result of pasture crossbred zebu cows with Canchim bulls, can be slaughtered at 18 months old if in feedlots after weaning, up to 24 months old if in feedlots after grazing and at 30 months if bred exclusively grazing on the range. Origin Zebu cattle (Bos Indicus), introduced to Brasil in the last century, were extensively crossbred with herds of native cattle. The Indian cattle well known for its ability to survive in the tropics, adapted quickly to Brasil, and in a short time populated large areas, considerably improving Brasilian beef cattle breeding. Despite of its rusticity, zebu cattle was found inferior to the European breeds in respect to being precocious and yield of meat. It became clear that the beef cattle population required genetic improvement. Simply placing European beef cattle (Bos Taurus), highly productive in temperate climates, in Central Brasil, would not produce good results, due to their inability to adapt to a tropical environment. Besides the climate, other factors such as the high occurrence of parasites, diseases and the very low nutritional value of the native forage. Formation of the breed The European breed used in the formation of Canchim cattle was Charolais. According to research at that time, Charolais cattle was chosen because of its high yield and for being the only European breed specifically for beef, and to present satisfactory conditions to adapt to Central Brasil. In 1922 the Ministry of Agriculture imported Charolais cattle to the State of Goias, where they remained till 1936, when they were transferred to São Carlos in the State of São Paulo, today the Canchim Farm of the Government Research Station, EMBRAPA. From this herd originated the dams and sires utilized in the program of crossbreeding. The main Zebu breed which contributed to the formation to the Canchim was the Indubrazil, although Guzerá and Nelore where also used. Preference was given to the Indubrasil breed, due to the ease of obtaining large herds, and reasonable prices, which would have been difficult with Gir, Nelore or Guzerá. The alternative crossbreeding programs initiated in 1940 by Dr. Antonio Teixeira Viana had the objective of obtaining first, crossbreeds 5/8 Charolais and 3/8 Zebu and second, 3/8 Charolais x 5/8 Zebu, and evaluate which of the two schemes was the most indicated. The total number of Zebu cows utilized to produce the half-breeds was 368, of which 292 were Indubrasil, 44 Guzerá and 32 Nelore. All the animals produced were reared exclusively on the range. A control of parasites was done every 15 days and the animals were weighed at birth and monthly. The females weighed up to 30 months and the males up to 40 months. The data collected during various years of work, permitted an evaluation of the various degrees of crossbreeding. The conclusion was that the 5/8 Charolais and 3/8 Zebu was the most suitable, presenting an excellent frame for meat, precocious, resistance to heat and parasites, and a uniform coat. The first crossbred animals with the degree of blood 5/8 Charolais and 3/8 Zebu were born in 1953. Thus was born a new type of beef cattle for Central Brasil, with the name CANCHIM, derived from the name of a tree very common in the region where the breed was developed. It was not until 1971 that the Brasilian Association of Canchim Cattle Breeders (ABCCAN) was formed, and on the 11th November 1972 the Herd Book was initiated. On the 18th May 1983 the Ministry of Agriculture, recognized Canchim type cattle as a Breed. At present In the middle of the year 2000 the standards of the breed were renewed, with the aim of the Canchim breed fulfilling the necessary requirements for modern beef cattle.The Breed Standard Canchim 2000 consists of defining breed parameters and standards for selecting male and female Canchim capable of producing Canchim commercial bulls, able to produce early fast growing commercial cattle on the range and the focus of these definitions was the concept of PRECOCIOUS, BRED ON THE RANGE, to be understood as, Precocious in weight gain, bred on the range, Precocious of finish, bred on the range and Precocious of fertility, bred on the range. Likewise, in 2000, the Association, published, the first summary of Canchim bulls, with their respective EPDs, as part of the CANCHIM BREED IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM in partnership with EMBRAPA-Campo Grande and their GENEPLUS statistical analysis system. Based on information from 1953 to 1999,and 184.881 animals. New bloodlines The Canchim breed, being a synthetic breed, permits breeders, through the development of new crossbreeding systems, to use the selection of the breeds used to form the Canchim breed, besides the selection of the breed itself, as the most important factor for its development. There are many Canchim breeders forming new blood lines. Today the Nelore breed totally dominates the Zebu breed in the formation of Canchim. American and French Charolais semen, from carefully selected bulls is also used and recommended by the ABCCAN to form new bloodlines. www.canchim.com.br |
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