Caches do not have to be thought about in purely low level/OS terms, software can cache return values that are likely to be re-used in the near future. A good example of this is the BIND DNS daemon which caches domain name replies for a period before going back to the authorative source of the name to IP mapping. Resolver libraries also perform almost exactly the same caching. Web browsers also use caches. Some browses implement their own cache of recently visited web pages; this saves having to download them again when you revisit. Most browsers can be configured to use an external proxy [web cache]?, a server program through which all web requests are routed so that it can cache frequently accessed pages for everyone in an organization.
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