Joseph Stalin set up a centralized bureaucratic system to run the Soviet Union and its satellite republics.
(when?) While this produced some amazing gains in terms of industrialization, the tremendous, crushing costs involved in the process (namely the repression of human rights and the tremendous inefficiencies produced by a bureaucracy that had no real clue what was going on in the country) makes this system of government highly unappealing to most people of the world.
These inefficiencies and repressions came to light after the system started to crumble under peristoika (or opening) of the 1980s and came to full light after the collapse of the Soviet system in the early 1990s.
This is far from complete; please edit.
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