Roman Inquisition

The Roman Inquisition began in 1542 when [Pope Paul III]? established the Holy Office as the final court of appeal in trials of heresy and served as an important part of the Counter-Reformation?. In reaction to the excesses of the Spanish Inquisition, it was tightly controlled by strict procedural rules under the administration of [Francisco Peña]?.

Among the subjects of this Inquisition were [Francesco Patrizi]?, Giordano Bruno, [Tommaso Campanella]?, and Galileo Galilei. Of these, only Bruno was executed; Galileo died under house arrest and Campanella spent many years in prison.

See also Inquisition, the Medieval Inquisition, and the Spanish Inquisition.