Geographically, the province consists of the island of Newfoundland and the mainland Labrador?. Since 1964 the province has referred to itself at a provincial level as "Newfoundland and Labrador", but federally the name "Newfoundland" was used to assuage a dispute with Quebec over whether or not Labrador should be assigned to Newfoundland. In October 2001, a constitutional amendment was passed by the House of Commons changing the official name to "Newfoundland and Labrador". When ratified by the Senate and the Governor General, this change will take effect.
Newfoundland did not become part of Canada until 1949 and until then was a separate dominion of the British Empire. See http://www.ucs.mun.ca/~melbaker/confederation1949.htm
Newfoundland has its own dialect of English known as Newfoundland English.
See also: Canada, Canadian provinces and territories, Canadian cities
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