Mining is the extraction of valuable materials from a naturally available source.
Common materials extracted are:
- bauxite (for aluminum)
- coal,
- copper,
- diamonds,
- iron (from the ore haematite?),
- gold,
- nickel,
- salt,
- silver,
- uranium.
Techniques include:
- [hard rock mining]?,
- [open pit mining]?,
- [strip mining]?.
Bioleaching is the application of naturally available bacteria to extract metals from their ore.