Latin is the ancestor of all
Romance languages, and was originally spoken only in the region around
Rome called Latium.
The main difference between Latin and Romance is that Romance had distinctive stress whereas Latin had distinctive length of vowels.
In Italian and Sardo loguodorese, there is distinctive length of consonants and stress, in Castilian only distinctive stress, and in French even stress is no longer distinctive.
Another major distinction between Romance and Latin is that Romance languages lost the case endings.
Latin has an extensive flectional system, which mainly operates by appending endings to a fixed stem. Inflection of nouns and adjectives is called declension, and of verbs, conjugation.
See also Latin literature, Latin proverbs, Roman, New Latin.