The Korean alphabet is called "Han-gul".
The Korean alphabet consists of 24 letters -- 14 consonants and 10 vowels that are written in groups of 2 to 5 characters. It is not a pictographic script like Chinese. The shape of the individual Han-gul characters were designed to model the physical morphology of the tongue, palate and teeth.
King Se-Jong of Korea created the Korean script with the help of his advisors. It initially was not well received by the educated populace, who already used chinese characters to write Korean. When Japan invaded Korea and banned Korean publications, many Koreans recognized that the Korean script created a stronger cultural language identity and adopted it.
Korean grammar is similar to Japanese. The basic form of a Korean sentence is Subject-Object-Verb. So whereas in English we would say, "I'm going to the store to buy some food", in Korean it would be something like: I food in-order-to-buy to-store am-going.
In Korean, "unecessary" words can be left out of a sentence as long as the meaning is clear from the context. So a typical exchange might be:
which in English would translate to:
Korean does not conjugate verbs using agreement with the subject as is typical for european languages. Instead, verb conjugations depend upon the verb tense and on the relation between the people speaking. When talking to or about friends, you would use one conjugate ending, to your parents, another, and to nobility/honored persons, another.
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