The theory set forth is, oversimplistically, that humans "went wrong" ~10,000 years ago, with agriculture. It's a little simple to pin it to one point in time (as has been done before with the industrial revolution), but it is one of many recent books (see Walter Wink's The Powers That Be, and Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel) drawing attention to the long-term evolution of culture and/or its co-evolution with technology.
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