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Irish is a Celtic language (Goidelic branch) spoken in the Republic of Ireland (an Phoblacht na hÉireann) and to a lesser degree in Northern Ireland (Éire Thuaidh) and by the Irish diaspora around the world. Irish, or Gaeilge, is the first official language of the Republic of Ireland. It has recently receive a degree of recognition in Northern Ireland.
In the south and west of Ireland there are pocket where Irish is the majority language. These regions are known as Gaeltachtaí (sg. Gaeltacht). The most well known of these are in Connemara in County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe) and the Dingle peninsula in County Kerry (Contae Chiarraí).
The written language looks to those unfamiliar with it as a lot of unusual consonantal combinations and vowels everywhere! Once understood, the orthography is relatively straightforward. The acute accent, or fada (´), serves to lengthen the sound of the vowels and in some cases also changes their quality. For example, in Munster Irish (Kerry), "a" is /uh/ or /ah/ and "á" is /aw/ in "law" but in Ulster Irish (Donegal), "á" tends to be /ah/ lengthened.
About the time of WWII, the Government of Ireland issued "Caighdeán Oifigiúil" which simplified and standardized the orthography. Many words had silent letters removed and vowel combination brought closer to the spoken language.
Examples: Gaedhilge / Gaolainn => Gaeilge, "Irish language" Lughbhaidh => Lú, "Louth" biath => bia, "food"
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