Wikipedia: I Ching

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The I Ching, (易經 I Jing, Yi Ching, Yi King), the "Book of Changes" or more accurately "Classic of Change", is a Chinese text describing an ancient system of cosmology and philosophy which is at the heart of Chinese cultural beliefs. In the Western cultures, it is known mostly as a system of divination.

Structure

The I Ching symbolism is embodied in a set of 64 abstract line arrangements called hexagrams. These are each comprised of six lines; each line is either a solid or unbroken horizontal line, or an open or broken horizontal line (with a gap in the centre). With six such lines stacked in each hexagram, there are 2⁶ or sixty-four possible combinations and thus sixty-four hexagrams.

Each hexagram represents a process, a change happening at the present moment. To further express this, it is possible for one, many or all of the lines to be determined to be moving lines, i.e. their polarity is in the process of reversal and thus the meaning of the hexagram radically altered.

Components of Hexagrams

The solid line represents yang, the masculine, creative principle. The open line represents yin, the feminine, receptive principle. These principles are also represented in a common circular symbol, called the yin-yang?, expressing the idea that everything contains its opposite.

In the following lists, the trigrams and hexagrams are represented using a common textual convention: horizontally from left to right, using '|' for yang and ':' for yin. Note, though, that the normal diagrammatic representation is to show the lines stacked vertically, from bottom to top. (i.e. to visualize the actual trigrams or hexagrams, rotate the text counterclockwise 90°.

Each hexagram can be considered composed of two trigrams of three lines each. There are eight possible trigrams.

1. ||| Ch'ien (Force)
2. ::: K'un (Field)
3. |:: Chen (Shake)
4. :|: K'an (Gorge)
5. ::| Ken (Bound)
6. :|| Sun (Ground)
7. |:| Li (Radiance)
8. ||: Tui (Open)

The Hexagrams

01. |||||| (乾為天 or qian2 = heaven) Ch'ien (Force)

02. :::::: (坤為地 or kun1 = earth) K'un (Field)

03. |:::|: (水雷屯 or water + thunder = chun2) Chun (Sprouting)

04. :|:::| (山水蒙 or mountain + water = meng2) Meng (Enveloping)

05. |||:|: (水天需 or water + heaven = xu1) Hsu (Attending)

06. :|:||| (天水訟 or heaven + water = song4) Sung (Arguing)

07. :|:::: (地水師 or earth + water = shi1) Shih (Leading)

08. ::::|: (水地比 or water + earch = bi3) Pi (Grouping)

09. |||:|| (風天小畜 or wind + heaven = xiao3 chu4) Hsiao Ch'u (Small Accumulating)

10. ||:||| (天澤履 or heaven + swamp = lu3) Lu (Treading)

11. |||::: (地天泰 or earch + heaven = tai4) T'ai (Prevading)

12. :::||| (天地否 or heaven + earth = pi3) Pi (Obstruction)

13. |:|||| (天火同人 or heaven + fire = tong2 ren2) T'ung Jen (Concording People)

14. ||||:| (火天大有 or fire + heaven = da4 you3) Ta Yu (Great Possessing)

15. ::|::: (地山謙 or earth + mountain = qian1) Ch'ien (Humbling)

16. :::|:: (雷地豫 or thunder + earth = yu4) Yu (Providing-for)

17. |::||: (澤雷隨 or swamp + thunder = sui2) Sui (Following)

18. :||::| (山風蠱 or mountain + wind = gu3) Kui (Corrupting)

19. ||:::: (地澤臨 or earth + swamp = lin2) Lin (Nearing)

20. ::::|| (風地觀 or wind + earth = guan1) Kuan (Viewing)

21. |::|:| (火雷噬嗑 or fire + thunder = shi4 ke4) Shih Ho (Gnawing Bite)

22. |:|::| (山火賁 or mountain + fire = bi4) Pi (Adorning)

23. :::::| (山地剝 or mountain + earth = bo1) Po (Stripping)

24. |::::: (地雷復 or earth + thunder = fu4) Fu (Returning)

25. |::||| (天雷無妄 or heaven + thunder = wu2 wang4) Wu Wang (Without Embroiling)

26. |||::| (山天大畜 or mountain + heaven = da4 chu4) Ta Ch'u (Great Accumulating)

27. |::::| (山雷頤 or mountain + thunder = yi2) Yi (Swallowing)

28. :||||: (澤風大過 or swamp + wind = da4 guo4) Ta Kuo (Great Exceeding)

29. :|::|: (坎為水 or kan3 = water) K'an (Gorge)

30. |:||:| (離為火 or li2 = fire) Li (Radiance)

31. ::|||: (澤山咸 or swamp + mountain = xian2) Hsien (Conjoining)

32. :|||:: (雷風恆 or thunder + wind = heng2) Heng (Persevering)

33. ::|||| (天山遯 or heaven + mountain = dun4) Tun (Retiring)

34. ||||:: (雷天大壯 or thunder + heaven = da4 zhuang4) Ta Chuang (Great Invigorating)

35. :::|:| (火地晉 or fire + earth = jin4) Chin (Prospering)

36. |:|::: (地火明夷 or earth + fire = ming2 yi2) Ming Yi (Brightness Hiding)

37. |:|:|| (風火家人 or wind + fire = jia1 ren2) Chia Jen (Dwelling People)

38. ||:|:| (火澤睽 or fire + swamp = kui2) K'uei (Polarising)

39. ::|:|: (水山蹇 or water + mountain = jian3) Chien (Limping)

40. :|:|:: (雷水解 or thunder + water = xie4) Hsieh (Taking-Apart)

41. ||:::| (山澤損 or mountain + swamp = sun3) Sun (Diminishing)

42. |:::|| (風雷益 or wind + thunder = yi4) Yi (Augmenting)

43. |||||: (澤天夬 or swamp + heaven = jue2) Kuai (Parting)

44. :||||| (天風姤 or heaven + wind = hou4) Kou (Coupling)

45. :::||: (澤地萃 or swamp + earth = cui4) Ts'ui (Clustering)

46. :||::: (地風升 or earth + wind = sheng1) Sheng (Ascending)

47. :|:||: (澤水困 or swamp + water = kun4) K'un (Confining)

48. :||:|: (水風井 or water + wind = jing3) Ching (Welling)

49. |:|||: (澤火革 or swamp + fire = ge2) Ko (Skinning)

50. :|||:| (火風鼎 or fire + wind = ding3) Ting (Holding)

51. |::|:: (震為雷 or zhen4 = thunder) Chen (Shake)

52. ::|::| (艮為山 or gen4 = mountain) Ken (Bound)

53. ::|:|| (風山漸 or wind + mountain = jian4) Chien (Infiltrating)

54. ||:|:: (雷澤歸妹 or thunder + swamp = gui1 mei4) Kuei Mei (Converting The Maiden)

55. |:||:: (雷火豐 or thunder + fire = feng1) Feng (Abounding)

56. ::||:| (火山旅 or fire + mountain = lu3) Lu (Sojourning)

57. :||:|| (巽為風 or xun4 = wind) Sun (Ground)

58. ||:||: (兌為澤 or dui4 = swamp) Tui (Open)

59. :|::|| (風水渙 or wind + water = huan4) Huan (Dispersing)

60. ||::|: (水澤節 or water + swamp = jie2) Chieh (Articulating)

61. ||::|| (風澤中孚 or wind + swamp = zhong1 fu2) Chung Fu (Centre Confirming)

62. ::||:: (雷山小過 or thunder + mountain = xiao3 guo4) Hsiao Kuo (Small Exceeding)

63. |:|:|: (水火既濟 or water + fire = ji4 ji4) Chi Chi (Already Fording)

64. :|:|:| (火水未濟 or fire + water = wei4 ji4) Wei Chi (Not-Yet Fording)

The hexagrams, though, are mere mnemonics for the philosophical concepts embodied in each one. The philosophy centres around the ideas of balance through opposites and acceptance of change.

Philosophy

Taoist thought is at the heart of the I Ching, and the ambient and dualistic nature of this school of thinking is perfectly demonstrated by the nuances of binary possibility within each line of hexagrammatic representation.

I Ching