Public domain image from Webster's Dictionary, 1911. [full size image]
The name means "earth wolf". Its scientific name is Proteles cristatus. It inhabits South Africa.
It looks like a small striped hyena, but with a more pointed muzzle, sharper ears, and a long mane down the middle line of the neck and back.
The aardwolf is nocturnal. It lives in the ground, burrowing its own holes. It is a carnivorous hunter and scavenger.
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