History
Kandahar was founded in the 400s BCE by Alexander the Great, near the site of the ancient city of Mundigak (established around 3000 BCE). The city has been a frequent target for conquest due to it's strategic location in central Asia. It was conquered by Arabs (7th C), Turkic Ghaznavids (10th C), [Genghiz Khan]? (12th C), and Timur? (1383). Babur, founder of the Mughal empire, took Kandahar in the 16th C. It fell into truely Afghan hands in 1708 when [Mir Wais]? conquered the town. He died in 1715 and from 1738-47 the city was temporarily in the hands of [Nadir Shah]?. [Ahmad Shah Durrani]?, the founder of Afghanistan, took the city in 1747 and made it the capital (1748) of his new kingdom. The (now) old city was laid out by Ahmad Shah and is dominated by his mausoleum. In the 1780s however the capital was transfered to Kabul. British forces occupied the city during the First Afghan War (1839-42) and from 1879 to 1881.
During the Soviet occupation of 1979-89, Kandahar was firmly under Soviet command. Following the Soviet withdrawal it changed hands several times. It was towards the end of 1994 that the Taliban emerged from the city and set out to conquer the south, east and centre of the country; the city is still the 'spiritual' home of the movement.