Jim Crow laws

In the United States, the so-called Jim Crow laws were made to enforce segregation, and included laws that would prevent African-Americans from doing things that a "white" person could do. For instance, Jim Crow laws regulated separate use of water fountains and separate seating sections on buses. Jim Crow laws varied between communities and states.

The modern [civil rights movement]? is often considered to have begun in an act of [civil disobedience]? against the Jim Crow laws when [Rosa Parks]?, a black woman, refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man.

The origin of the name Jim Crow is disputed by some, but it seems most likely to come from the title character in a minstrel? song (possibly written in 1832) and popular from the mid-nineteenth century to the turn of the twentieth century.