A seminal work in the concept of computer intelligence is "On Computing Machinery and Intelligence" (1950), by Alan Turing. See Turing Test for further discussion.
The Loebner Prize competition has been claimed to be "the first formal instantiation of the Turing Test."
See also: Artificial intelligence projects, computer science, cognitive science, semantics, The Singularity
Fields in AI:
Loebner Prize website at: http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/loebner-prize.html