13th century

Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century

Decades: 1200s, 1210s?, 1220s?, 1230s?, 1240s?, 1250s?, 1260s?, 1270s?, 1280s?, 1290s?

• Fourth through eighth crusades of western European kingdoms against Islam
• Fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors
• Mongols under [Genghis Khan]? conquer and rule over most of Asia and Eastern Europe, establish Mongolian dynasty in China
• Marco Polo and his family reach China

Significant persons

• Alexander of Hales, philosopher and theologian
• Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order
• Thomas Aquinas, theologian
• Roger Bacon, Franciscan, philosopher, and scientist
• Bonaventure?
• [Robert Grosseteste]?
• Louis IX of France, St. Louis, French king and crusader
• Frederick II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions