Throughout history, the destruction of monuments of a previous government or power has been one of the greatest symbols of the transition of power. Recent cases of Vandalism include the toppling and destruction of Soviet monuments after the fall of the Soviet Union and the Taliban destruction of Buddhist statuary in Afghanistan.
Uncapitalized, vandalism is willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others.
The term is usually generalized to include undesired, non-destructive unauthorized modification (e.g. defacement?) of property.