GDP: purchasing power parity - $620.3 billion (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: 3.2% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $4,200 (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture:
8.4%
industry:
38.5%
services:
53.1% (1999 est.)
Population below poverty line: 40% (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
3%
highest 10%:
22.2% (1993)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 86% (1999 est.)
Labor force: 66 million (1997)
Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 15%, industry 30%, services 55% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate: 12.4% (1999 est.), plus considerable underemployment
Budget:
revenues:
$24.08 billion
expenditures:
$26.82 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Industries: complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts
Industrial production growth rate: 8.1% (1999 est.)
Electricity - production: 771.947 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel:
67.77%
hydro:
19.49%
nuclear:
12.74%
other:
0% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 702.711 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - exports: 21 billion kWh (1998)
Electricity - imports: 5.8 billion kWh (1998)
Agriculture - products: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk
Exports: $75.4 billion (1999 est.)
Exports - commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures
Exports - partners: Ukraine, Germany, US, Belarus, Netherlands, China
Imports: $48.2 billion (1999 est.)
Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, grain, sugar, semifinished metal products
Imports - partners: Germany, Belarus, Ukraine, US, Kazakhstan, Italy
Debt - external: $166 billion (yearend 1999)
Economic aid - recipient: $8.523 billion (1995)
Currency: 1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks
Exchange rates:
rubles per US$1 - 26.7996 (December 1999), 24.6199 (1999), 9.7051 (1998), 5,785 (1997), 5,121 (1996), 4,559 (1995)
note:
the post-1 January 1998 ruble is equal to 1,000 of the pre-1 January 1998 rubles
Fiscal year: calendar year