Phrenology

Phrenology is a pseudoscience, popular in the nineteenth century, that claimed to be able to determine personality traits and criminality on the basis of the shape of the head.

While in its day phrenology was an academically respected field of research, today it has been completely discredited.

Examples of phrenological tools can be seen in [The Museum of Questionable Medical Devices, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.]

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