A kidney stone is a solid lump (from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball) which forms in the kidney made up of either calcium oxalate, struvite (magnesium, ammonium and phosphate), uric acid, calcium phosphate, or cystine (the amino acid, only in people suffering from cystinuria).
The most common kidney stone is the calcium oxalate stone. The calcium renders them radio-opaque and they can be detected by an KUB.
Symptoms
Often idiopathic and asymptomatic until they start to move. But symptoms can range from acute renal colic, nausea and vomiting or restlessness and a dull pain or hematuria and possibly fever.
Treatment
From "wait-and-see" to [extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy]?, [retrograde intrarenal surgery]?, [percutaneous nephrolithotripsy]?, or open surgery.
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