The
Holy See is the head of the
Roman Catholic church, including the
Pope.
It is recognized as having legal personality under
international law.
The Holy See is legally distinguishable from the
Vatican City, which is a territory over which the Holy See has soverignity:
some treaties the Holy See is a party to in itself, other treaties it is a party to in respect of the Vatican City.
Generally, the Holy See as a party to a treaty reflects the interests of the Roman Catholic church,
while Vatican City is generally only party to treaties which are not of general significance, e.g., treaties regarding co-operation with
Italy.
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