Geographic coordinates: 59 00 N, 26 00 E
Map references: Europe
Area:
total:
45,226 sq km
land:
43,211 sq km
water:
2,015 sq km
note:
includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than New Hampshire and Vermont combined
Land boundaries:
total:
633 km
border countries:
Latvia 339 km, Russia 294 km
Coastline: 3,794 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone:
limits fixed in coordination with neighboring states
territorial sea:
12 nm
Climate: maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers
Terrain: marshy, lowlands
Elevation extremes:
lowest point:
Baltic Sea 0 m
highest point:
[Suur Munamagi]? 318 m
Natural resources: shale oil (kukersite), peat, phosphorite, amber, cambrian blue clay, limestone, dolomite, arable land
Land use:
arable land:
25%
permanent crops:
0%
permanent pastures:
11%
forests and woodland:
44%
other:
20% (1996 est.)
Irrigated land: 110 sq km (1996 est.)
Natural hazards: flooding occurs frequently in the spring
Environment - current issues: air heavily polluted with sulfur dioxide from oil-shale? burning power plants in northeast; contamination of soil and groundwater with petroleum products, chemicals at former Soviet military bases; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas are heavily affected by organic waste; coastal sea water is polluted in many locations
Environment - international agreements:
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
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