born: January 22, 1875, Crestwood, Kentucky
died: July 23, 1948, [Hollywood, California]?
Important works:
David Wark Griffith has been called the father of [film grammar]?. Scholars no longer dispute that few or any of Griffith's "innovations" actually began with him, but still he is given credit for canonizing a set of codes that have become the universal back-bone to the film language. In the broadest terms, Griffith contributed Mise en Scene and various film editing techniques to film grammar. That being said, he still used many elements attributed to the "primitive style" of movie-making that predated cassical Hollywood's continuity system. These techniques include frontal staging, exaggerated gestures, hardly any camera movement and no [point of view Shot]?s.
Griffith has been a highly controversial figure. Although popular at the time of its release, his film Birth of a Nation (1915) was also considered responsible for the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan in the United States.
Griffith remains both a praised and disdained character in the history of the cinema.
Griffith began his career as a hopeful playwright, but failed. He soon found his way as an actor. Finding his way into the motion picture business he soon began to direct a huge body of work. Between 1907 and 1913 (the years he directed for the American Biograph Company), Griffith produced an astounding 450 short films. Such output allowed him to experiment with [Cross Cutting]?, camera movement, close-ups, and other methods of spatial and temporal manipulation. Convinced that longer films (then called "Features") could be financially viable, he became a co-founder of Triangle (1915), which produced Birth of a Nation, and later, as a reaction to the criticism Birth of a Nation received, his most ambitious project, Intolerance? . The film was a flop, and Triangle went bankrupt in 1917, so he went to Artcraft (part of Paramount), then to First National (1919-20). At the same time he founded United Artists, together with Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and [Douglas Fairbanks]?.
He was honored on a 10 cent postage stamp by the United States issued May 5, 1975.
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