Dictator

In its original sense, dictator meant a political office of the Roman Republic. Indeed, dictator is a Latin word that means (roughly) "one who commands". A dictator was elected in times of military emergency to take command of the state and its armies for a term of 6 months. Unlike ordinary Roman govenment officials, dictators were elected without colleagues and had no limits on their authority, military or civil. A dictator was chosen by the Senate and confirmed by a vote of the people. The dictator, once confirmed, chose his own Magister Equitum or "Commander of the Cavalry" to help him in his administration.

The best known Roman dictator of the regular type was Cincinnatus?. Julius Caesar was named dictator for a 10 year term in 46 B.C. and "dictator for life" in 45, both irregular appointments.

See Roman Republic

Today, dictator is usually understood to mean a person who controls or governs a totalitarian regime, and always carries a connotation of brutality.

See Dictatorship?, Totalitarianism