Among the Berber languages are Rif-Berber? or Riffi (Northern Morocco), Kabyl (Algeria) and Tamazight?, spoken by the Imazighen? (litt. 'noblemen') from Algeria and Tunesia?. Tamazight was an oral language only, until the end of the 20th century, when a written alphabeth was construed.
The Berber languages in the Maghreb? have officially been subjected to Arab, as part of government policy and was mainly spoken at home and in villages. However, with a growing tribe-awareness and desire for (at least cultural) independence (especially among the Kabyl people), the mothertongue has become more important and efforts are made to make for instance formal education bi-lingual. In this sence, Berber languages have become political tools to support the struggle for (more)independence.
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