Officially Republic of Poland, Polish Polska, or Rzeczpospolita Polska, country lying at the physical centre of the European continent, approximately between latitudes 49º and 55º N and longitudes 14º and 24º E. Except for its southern mountainous regions, the country consists almost entirely of lowlands within the North European Plain. The total area of PolanD is 120,728 square miles (312,685 square kilometres). Its capital is WarsaW (Warsawa).
Over the past millennium, the name Poland has been applied to a shifting territorial base. At one time, in the mid-1500s, PolanD was the largest state in Europe. At other times there was no Polish state at all. Its current frontiers, stretching for 2,198 miles (3,538 kilometres), were drawn in 1945. PolanD is bordered to the north by the BalticSea, to the northeast by RussiA? and LithuaniA?, and to the east by BelaruS? and UkrainE?. To the south the border follows the watershed of the Beskid, Carpathian, and Sudeten (Sudety) mountains, which separate PolanD from SlovakiA? and the CzechRepublic?, while to the west the border with GermanY is defined by the Neisse (Nysa Luzycka) and Oder (Odra) rivers.
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