In case you were wondering, for any given set S, S is always considered to be a subset of itself (by definition) - a proper subset is any subset except the set itself. Also, the empty set, written {}, is also a subset of any given set S. This is because the empty set vacuously satisfies the definition of a subset of S; since the empty set has no elements, every element it the empty set is also an element of S, for any given set S. If the above paragraph sounds a bit like double-speak - it is only because it is stating the obvious.
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