History of Pope Alexander VII

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born at Siena on the 13th of February 1599. He was successively inquisitor at Malta, vice-legate at Ferrara and nuncio in Cologne (1639-1651). Though expected to take part in the negotiations which led in 1648 to the peace of Westphalia, he refused to

born at Siena? on the 13th of February 1599. He was successively inquisitor at Malta, vice-legate at Ferrara and nuncio in Cologne (1639-1651). Though expected to take part in the negotiations which led in 1648 to the Peace of Westphalia, he refused to

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the title Philomathi Labores Juveniles. He also encouraged architecture, and in particular constructed the beautiful colonnade in the piazza of St Peter's. He favoured the Jesuits, especially in their conflict with the Jansenists, forbade in 1661 the translation of the Roman Missal into French, and in 1665 canonized Francis of Sales. His pontificate was marked by protracted controversies with France and Portugal. He died on the 22nd of May 1667. (W. W. R.*)

the title Philomathi Labores Juveniles. He also encouraged architecture, and in particular sponsored Gianlorenzo Bernini's construction of the beautiful colonnade in the piazza of St Peter's. He favoured the Jesuits, especially in their conflict with the Jansenists?, forbade in 1661 the translation of the Roman Missal into French, and in 1665 canonized [Francis de Sales]?. His pontificate was marked by protracted controversies with France and Portugal. He died on the 22nd of May 1667.

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:preceded by Pope Innocent X (1644-1655) :succeeded by Pope Clement IX (1667-1669)