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Charles I's marriage to a French Roman Catholic princess, Henrietta Maria, was extremely unacceptable to the Puritans who were influential within Parliament, which became even more uncompromising than it had been to his father, James I. The leaders of the parliamentary party cast around for ways to limit the powers of the king. The Parliament of 1625 granted him the right to collect customs duties only for a year and not, as was usual, for his entire reign. The Parliament of 1626 also impeached the king's favorite, [George Villiers]?, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Furious, Charles then dissolved it. |
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Charles I's marriage to a French Roman Catholic princess, Henrietta Maria, was extremely unacceptable to the Puritans who were influential within Parliament, which became even more uncompromising than it had been to his father, James I. Other important issues, such as Charles' abuse of The Court of Star Chamber and a the structure of the Anglican Church were also major sources of disagreement. The leaders of the parliamentary party cast around for ways to limit the powers of the king. The Parliament of 1625 granted him the right to collect customs duties only for a year and not, as was usual, for his entire reign. The Parliament of 1626 also impeached the king's favorite, [George Villiers]?, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Furious, Charles then dissolved it. |
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Cromwell's campaign in Ireland[1] still has strong resonance among the Irish. In particular, his massacre of all men carrying arms in Drogheda after its capture, including the killing of all prisoners as well as Catholic priests and many civilians, is one of the historical memories that has driven Irish-English and Catholic-Protestant strife throughout the centuries. |
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These events have often been explained as a popular uprising of either a religious kind (the ?Puritan Revolution?) or as an expression of class conflict predicted by Marxist theory, bourgeois revolution. |
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These events have often been explained as a popular uprising of either a religious kind (the 'Puritan Revolution') or as an expression of class conflict predicted by Marxist theory, bourgeois revolution. |
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Adherents of the theory that history is moving by stages toward an egalitarian utopia have discovered the origins of proletarian democracy and the ?general will? in the debates about government conducted in Putney Church in 1647 among a coalition of Presbyterian dissidents and political radicals known as the Levellers?. |
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Adherents of the theory that history is moving by stages toward an egalitarian utopia have discovered the origins of proletarian democracy and the 'general will' in the debates about government conducted in Putney Church in 1647 among a coalition of Presbyterian dissidents and political radicals known as the Levellers?. |
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In the sect called the Diggers, founded by an anti-Christian mystic, [Gerard Winstanley]?, whose demands for an end to wage labour and private property, many historians have seen a blueprint for Communism. The events of 1642?49 amount to the English precursor to both French and Russian revolutions. Some historians argue that this is a proof that political revolution is a necessary part of the transition to ?bourgeois democracy? and modern society. |
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In the sect called the Diggers, founded by an anti-Christian mystic, [Gerard Winstanley]?, whose demands for an end to wage labour and private property, many historians have seen a blueprint for Communism. The events of 1642-49 amount to the English precursor to both French and Russian revolutions. Some historians argue that this is a proof that political revolution is a necessary part of the transition to 'bourgeois democracy' and modern society. |
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