Despite appearances it predates computers by many centuries. Taylor approximation is a product of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that is still very important. The logarithms of the sixteenth century are no longer vital to numerical analysis, but the associated and even prehistoric notion of interpolation continues to solve problems for us.
The effect of round-off error is partly quantified in the condition number of an operator. Subtraction of two nearly equal numbers is an ill conditioned operation, producing [catastrophic loss of significance]?. Using well conditioned operations helps achieve [numerical stability]?.
[finite difference]?, [finite element]?,
[conjugate gradient]?, iterative method,
[Newton's method]? (Clifford has promised to make ' work. Looking forward to Huntington's chorea, Goeddel's th'm, and Larry's text.) [Gaussian quadrature]?