Latin language

Latin is the ancestor of all Romance languages, and was originally spoken only in the region around Rome called Latium. The main difference between Latin and Romance is that Romance had distinctive stress whereas Latin had distinctive length of vowels. In Italian and Sardo loguodorese, there is distinctive length of consonants and stress, in Castilian only distinctive stress, and in French even stress is no longer distinctive. Another major distinction between Romance and Latin is that Romance languages lost the case endings.

Latin has an extensive flectional system, which mainly operates by appending endings to a fixed stem. Inflection of nouns and adjectives is called declension, and of verbs, conjugation. There are 5 declensions of nouns, and 4 conjugations for verbs. The 7 noun forms are nominative (used for subjects), genitive (show possession), dative (indirect objects), accusative (direct objects), ablative (used with some prepositions), vocative (used to address someone), and locative (shows place).

• Phonemes
• Declension
• Conjugation
• Phrases
• Lexicon

See also Latin literature, Latin proverbs, Roman, New Latin.