The Geoldi's monkey was first described in 1904, making it one of the last monkey genus to be described. Its features are intermediate to those of Callitrichidae and Cebidae. It is sometimes placed in its own family Callimiconidae? and sometimes in Callitrichidae.
Life expectancy in captivity is about 10 years.
Females reach sexual maturity at 8.5 months, males at 16.5 months. The gestation period lasts from 140 to 180 days. The mother carries a single baby monkey per pregnancy. The baby monkey is weaned after about 65 days.
In the wild, Goeldi's monkeys live in groups of around 6 individuals that stay within a few feet of one another most of the time, staying in contact via shrill noises.