In ancient and medieval times, gatehouses of cities and castles were were heavily defended and fortified to prevent breaching of the gates. Often the gate would consist of several pairs of doors and iron grate?s along a tunnel through the gatehouse. The top of the tunnel commonly had [murder hole]?s to allow defenders to attack invaders trying to breach the inner doors. Drawbridge?s were common in conjuction with gates to facilitate passing the moat? often used to increase the effective height of the walls.